Cat’s Claw

Sandoval M, Okuhama NN, Zhang XJ, Condezo LA, Lao J, Angeles' FM, Musah RA, Bobrowski P, Miller MJ.
“Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis) are independent of their alkaloid content.” Phytomedicine. 2002 May; 9(4): 325-37.

Kitajima M, Hashimoto K, Yokoya M, Takayama H, Sandoval M, Aimi N.
“Two New Nor-triterpene Glycosides from Peruvian "Una de Gato" (Uncaria tomentosa).”
J Nat Prod. 2003 Feb; 66(2): 320-3.

Flores-Sanchez IJ, Ortega-Lopez J, del Carmen Montes-Horcasitas M, Ramos-Valdivia AC.
“Biosynthesis of sterols and triterpenes in cell suspension cultures of Uncaria tomentosa.”
Plant Cell Physiol. 2002 Dec;43(12):1502-9

Kang TH, Matsumoto K, Tohda M, Murakami Y, Takayama H, Kitajima M, Aimi N, Watanabe H.
“Pteropodine and isopteropodine positively modulate the function of rat muscarinic M(1) and 5-HT(2) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocyte.”
Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 May 24;444(1-2):39-45.

Aguilar JL, Rojas P, Marcelo A, Plaza A, Bauer R, Reininger E, Klaas CA, Merfort I.
“Anti-inflammatory activity of two different extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae).”
J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Jul;81(2):271-6.

Mur E, Hartig F, Eibl G, Schirmer M.
”Randomized double blind trial of an extract from the pentacyclic alkaloid-chemotype of uncaria tomentosa for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.”
J Rheumatol. 2002 Apr;29(4):678-81.

Kapadia GJ, Azuine MA, Tokuda H, Hang E, Mukainaka T, Nishino H, Sridhar R.
“Inhibitory effect of herbal remedies on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promoted Epstein--Barr virus early antigen activation.”
Pharmacol Res. 2002 Mar;45(3):213-220.

Williams JE.
“Review of antiviral and immunomodulating properties of plants of the Peruvian rainforest with a particular emphasis on Una de Gato and Sangre de Grado.”
Altern Med Rev. 2001 Dec;6(6):567-79. Review.

Miller MJ, Angeles FM, Reuter BK, Bobrowski P, Sandoval M.
“Dietary antioxidants protect gut epithelial cells from oxidant-induced apoptosis.”
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2001;1(1):11. Epub 2001 Dec 10.

Riva L, Coradini D, Di Fronzo G, De Feo V, De Tommasi N, De Simone F, Pizza C.
“The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line.”
Anticancer Res. 2001 Jul-Aug;21(4A):2457-61

Piscoya J, Rodriguez Z, Bustamante SA, Okuhama NN, Miller MJ, Sandoval M.
“Efficacy and safety of freeze-dried cat's claw in osteoarthritis of the knee: mechanisms of action of the species Uncaria guianensis.”
Inflamm Res. 2001 Sep;50(9):442-8.

Lamm S, Sheng Y, Pero RW.
“Persistent response to pneumococcal vaccine in individuals supplemented with a novel water soluble extract of Uncaria tomentosa, C-Med-100.”
Phytomedicine. 2001 Jul;8(4):267-74.

Ganzera M, Muhammad I, Khan RA, Khan IA.
“Improved method for the determination of oxindole alkaloids in Uncaria tomentosa by high performance liquid chromatography.”
Planta Med. 2001 Jul;67(5):447-50.

Mohamed AF, Matsumoto K, Tabata K, Takayama H, Kitajima M, Watanabe H.
“Effects of Uncaria tomentosa total alkaloid and its components on experimental amnesia in mice: elucidation using the passive avoidance test.”
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;52(12):1553-61.

Kitajima M, Hashimoto K, Yokoya M, Takayama H, Aimi N, Sakai SI.
“A new gluco indole alkaloid, 3, 4-dehydro-5-carboxystrictosidine, from Peruvian Una de Gato (Uncaria tomentosa).”
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2000 Oct;48(10):1410-2.

Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT.
“An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures.”
Phytomedicine. 2000 Jul;7(4):273-82.

Sandoval M, Charbonnet RM, Okuhama NN, Roberts J, Krenova Z, Trentacosti AM, Miller MJ.
“Cat's claw inhibits TNFalpha production and scavenges free radicals: role in cytoprotection.”
Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Jul 1;29(1):71-8.

Sheng Y, Bryngelsson C, Pero RW.
“Enhanced DNA repair, immune function and reduced toxicity of C-MED-100, a novel aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosa.”
J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Feb;69(2):115-26.

Reinhard KH.
“Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) D.C.: cat's claw, una de gato, or saventaro.”
J Altern Complement Med. 1999 Apr;5(2):143-51. Review.

Sandoval-Chacon M, Thompson JH, Zhang XJ, Liu X, Mannick EE, Sadowska-Krowicka H, Charbonnet RM, Clark DA, Miller MJ.
Antiinflammatory actions of cat's claw: the role of NF-kappaB.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Dec;12(12):1279-89.

Keplinger, H., et al. "Oxindole alkaloids having properties stimulating the immunologic system and preparation containing same." United States patent 5,302,611; April 12, 1994.

Keplinger, H., et al. "Oxindole alkaloids having properties stimulating the immunologic system and preparation containing the same." United States patent 4,940,725; July 10, 1990.

Keplinger, H., et al. "Oxindole alkaloids having properties stimulating the immunologic system and preparation containing the same." United States Patent 4,844,901; July 4, 1989.

Keplinger, H., et al. "Process for the production of specific isomer mixtures from oxindole alkaloids." United States Patent 5,723,625; March 3, 1998.

Montenegro De Matta, S., et al. "Alkaloids and procyanidins of an Uncaria sp. from Peru." Il. Farmaco. Ed. Sc. 1976; 31: 527-35.

Ozaki, Y., et al. "Pharmacological studies on Uncaria and Amsonia alkaloids." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (suppl.) 1980; 30: 137pp

Yepez, A. M., et al. "Quinovic acid glycosides from Uncaria guianensis." Phytochemisty 1991; 30: 1635-37.

Aquino, R., et al. "Plant metabolites. New compounds and anti-inflammatory activity of Uncaria tomentosa." Journal of Natural Products 1991; 54: 453-59.

Aquino R., et al. "New polyhydroxylated triterpenes from Uncaria tomentosa." Journal of Natural Products 1990: 559-64.

Cerri, R., et al. "New quinovic acid glycosides from Uncaria tomentosa." Journal of Natural Products 1988; 51: 257-61.

Yasukawa, K., et al. "Effect of chemical constituents from plants on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation in mice." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1989; 37: 1071-73.

Recio, M. C., et al. "Structural requirements for the anti-inflammatory activity of natural triterpenoids." Planta Medica 1995; 61(2): 182-85.

Lemaire I, et al. "Stimulation of interleukin-1 and -6 production in alveolar macrophages by the neotropical liana, Uncaria tomentosa (uña de gato)." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 64(2): 109-15.

de Simone, F., et al. "New quinovic acid glycosides from Uncaria tomentosa." Journal of Natural Products 1988; 51(2): 257-61

Aquino, R., et al. "Plant metabolites. Structure and in vitro antiviral activity of quinovic acid glycosides from Uncaria tomentosa and Guettarda platypoda." J. Nat. Prod. 1989; 4(52): 679-85

Rizzi, R., et al. "Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of Uncaria tomentosa and its extracts." Premiere Colloque Européan d'Ethnopharmacologie, Metz, France, March 22-24, 1990.

Rizzi, R., et al. "Bacterial cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of Uncaria tomentosa and its extracts. Antimutagenic activity of Uncaria tomentosa in humans." Premiere Colloque Européan d'Ethnopharmacologie, Metz, France, March 22-24, 1990.

Rizzi, R., et al. "Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of Uncaria tomentosa and its extracts." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1993; 38: 63-77

Hemingway, S. R. and J. D. Phillipson. "Alkaloids from South American species of Uncaria (Rubiaceae)." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1974 suppl.; 26: 113p.